All entities

Character · Individual

Menelaus

Published entity metadata

Read-only identity and editorial metadata.

Canonical name
Menelaus
Disambiguator
None
Kind
Character
Scope
Individual
Editorial note
No editorial note published.

Aliases

3

Menelaus of the loud battle-cry

Epithet · Direct

son of Atreus

Descriptive reference · Direct

yellow-haired Menelaus

Title · Direct

Location presence

Phase 6 currently covers 24 processed books.

5
Troy2 observations
·Remembered

Antenor recalls that Menelaus came to Troy with Ulysses as an envoy.

See evidence text
Ulysses once came here as envoy about yourself, and Menelaus with him.
·Hypothetical

Agamemnon imagines Menelaus lying dead at Troy if his wound proves fatal.

See evidence text
the earth will rot your bones as you lie here at Troy with your purpose not fulfilled
plain of Troy2 observations
·Direct

Menelaus comes up to the fallen Adrestus on the plain.

See evidence text
for his horses ran into a tamarisk bush, as they were flying wildly over the plain, and broke the pole from the car; they went on towards the city along with the others in full flight, but Adrestus rolled out, and fell in the dust flat on his face by the wheel of his chariot; Menelaus came up to him spear in hand
·Direct

Menelaus, one of the five drivers just placed in line, raced over the plain away from the ships.

See evidence text
At the same instant they all of them lashed their horses, struck them with the reins, and shouted at them with all their might. They flew full speed over the plain away from the ships
Achaeans’ trench1 observation
·Direct

Menelaus crosses the Achaeans’ trench with the summoned chiefs before meeting beyond it.

See evidence text
With this he passed the trench, and with him the other chiefs of the Achaeans who had been called to the council. Meriones and the brave son of Nestor went also, for the princes bade them. When they were beyond the trench that was dug round the wall they held their meeting on the open ground

Claims

68
·Direct

Menelaus comes uninvited to Agamemnon’s sacrifice because he understands how busy his brother is.

See evidence text
Thus he spoke, and the Achaeans roared applause. As when the waves run high before the blast of the south wind and break on some lofty headland, dashing against it and buffeting it without ceasing, as the storms from every quarter drive them, even so did the Achaeans rise and hurry in all directions to their ships. There they lighted their fires at their tents and got dinner, offering sacrifice every man to one or other of the gods, and praying each one of them that he might live to come out of the fight. Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed a fat five-year-old bull to the mighty son of Saturn, and invited the princes and elders of his host. First he asked Nestor and King Idomeneus, then the two Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus, and sixthly Ulysses, peer of gods in counsel; but Menelaus came of his own accord, for he knew how busy his brother then was. They stood round the bull with the barley-meal in their hands, and Agamemnon prayed, saying, ‘Jove, most glorious, supreme, that dwellest in heaven, and ridest upon the storm-cloud, grant that the sun may not go down, nor the night fall, till the palace of Priam is laid low, and its gates are consumed with fire. Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him.’
·Direct

Menelaus, brother of Agamemnon, moves among his separately arrayed men strong in zeal, urging battle from a longing to avenge his suffering for Helen.

See evidence text
And those that dwelt in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis, Sparta, with Messe the haunt of doves; Bryseae, Augeae, Amyclae, and Helos upon the sea; Laas, moreover, and Oetylus; these were led by Menelaus of the loud battle-cry, brother to Agamemnon, and of them there were sixty ships, drawn up apart from the others. Among them went Menelaus himself, strong in zeal, urging his men to fight; for he longed to avenge the toil and sorrow that he had suffered for the sake of Helen.
·Direct

Menelaus rejoices at seeing Alexandrus, likened to a hungry lion finding prey, expects revenge, and springs from his chariot in armour.

See evidence text
Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks, and was glad as a hungry lion that lights on the carcase of some goat or horned stag, and devours it there and then, though dogs and youths set upon him. Even thus was Menelaus glad when his eyes caught sight of Alexandrus, for he deemed that now he should be revenged. He sprang, therefore, from his chariot, clad in his suit of armour
·Hypothetical

Alexandrus proposes that Menelaus fight him and that whichever man proves better and victorious win Helen and her wealth.

See evidence text
while he and I fight in their midst for Helen and all her wealth. Let him who shall be victorious and prove to be the better man
·Hypothetical

Hector relays the proposal that Menelaus fight Alexandrus and that the better, victorious man prevail.

See evidence text
while he and Menelaus fight in the midst of you for Helen and all her wealth. Let him who shall be victorious and prove to be the better man
·Direct

Menelaus, identified by his loud battle-cry, calls himself the most aggrieved, seeks an end to the quarrel, orders sacrificial lambs, and insists that aged Priam personally guarantee the covenant because age brings foresight.

See evidence text
Menelaus of the loud battle-cry addressed them. ‘And now,’ he said, ‘hear me too, for it is I who am the most aggrieved. I deem that the parting of Achaeans and Trojans is at hand, as well it may be, seeing how much have suffered for my quarrel with Alexandrus and the wrong he did me. Let him who shall die, die, and let the others fight no more. Bring, then, two lambs, a white ram and a black ewe, for Earth and Sun, and we will bring a third for Jove. Moreover, you shall bid Priam come, that he may swear to the covenant himself; for his sons are high-handed and ill to trust, and the oaths of Jove must not be transgressed or taken in vain. Young men’s minds are light as air, but when an old man comes he looks before and after, deeming that which shall be fairest upon both sides
·Remembered

Antenor remembers Menelaus as broader-shouldered when standing and as a younger, few-worded speaker whose speech was fluent, clear, and pointed.

See evidence text
Menelaus was the broader shouldered, but when both were seated Ulysses had the more royal presence. After a time they delivered their message, and the speech of Menelaus ran trippingly on the tongue; he did not say much, for he was a man of few words, but he spoke very clearly and to the point, though he was the younger man of the two
·Hypothetical

Idaeus reports the planned single combat in which Menelaus will fight Alexandrus for Helen and the victor will receive her and her wealth.

See evidence text
Alexandrus and Menelaus are to fight for Helen in single combat, that she and all her wealth may go with him who is the victor
·Direct

Menelaus arms himself in the same fashion as Alexandrus for the duel.

See evidence text
In like fashion Menelaus also put on his armour
·Direct

Menelaus strides out fierce and furious, brandishes his spear, and prays for revenge and power to subdue Alexandrus as a warning against wronging a host.

See evidence text
they strode fierce of aspect into the open space, and both Trojans and Achaeans were struck with awe as they beheld them. They stood near one another on the measured ground, brandishing their spears, and each furious against the other. Alexandrus aimed first, and struck the round shield of the son of Atreus, but the spear did not pierce it, for the shield turned its point. Menelaus next took aim, praying to Father Jove as he did so. ‘King Jove,’ he said, ‘grant me revenge on Alexandrus who has wronged me; subdue him under my hand that in ages yet to come a man may shrink from doing ill deeds in the house of his host
·Direct

Menelaus strikes Alexandrus’s helmet with his sword, but the blade shatters in his hand; he cries to Jove that his spear and sword have failed and Alexandrus remains alive.

See evidence text
Then the son of Atreus drew his sword, and drove at the projecting part of his helmet, but the sword fell shivered in three or four pieces from his hand, and he cried, looking towards Heaven, ‘Father Jove, of all gods thou art the most despiteful; I made sure of my revenge, but the sword has broken in my hand, my spear has been hurled in vain, and I have not killed him
·Direct

Menelaus seizes Alexandrus by the helmet plume and drags him toward the Achaeans while the helmet strap chokes Alexandrus; after the helmet comes away, Menelaus springs again to spear him.

See evidence text
he flew at Alexandrus, caught him by the horsehair plume of his helmet, and began dragging him towards the Achaeans. The strap of the helmet that went under his chin was choking him, and Menelaus would have dragged him off to his own great glory had not Jove’s daughter Venus been quick to mark and to break the strap of oxhide, so that the empty helmet came away in his hand. This he flung to his comrades among the Achaeans, and was again springing upon Alexandrus to run him through with a spear
·Reported

Helen calls Menelaus the brave man who was her husband and predicts he would quickly kill Alexandrus in another single combat.

See evidence text
that brave man who was my husband. You used to brag that you were a better man with hands and spear than Menelaus. Go, then, and challenge him again—but I should advise you not to do so, for if you are foolish enough to meet him in single combat, you will soon fall by his spear
·Direct

Menelaus strides through the throng searching everywhere for Alexandrus, whom no Trojan or ally can find.

See evidence text
the son of Atreus strode among the throng, looking everywhere for Alexandrus, and no man, neither of the Trojans nor of the allies, could find him
·Reported

Jove affirms Menelaus’s victory and proposes that peace would let him take Helen back.

See evidence text
the victory really did lie with Menelaus. We must consider what we shall do about all this; shall we set them fighting anew or make peace between them? If you will agree to this last Menelaus can take back Helen
·Direct

The arrow grazes Menelaus’s skin and blood begins flowing from the wound.

See evidence text
nevertheless the arrow went through it and grazed the top of the skin, so that blood began flowing from the wound
·Direct

Menelaus’s shapely thighs, legs, and fair ankles are stained with blood.

See evidence text
O Menelaus, were your shapely thighs and your legs down to your fair ancles stained with blood
·Direct

Menelaus is initially afraid but takes heart when he sees the arrow barbs and binding thread remain outside the wound.

See evidence text
and so was brave Menelaus himself till he saw that the barbs of the arrow and the thread that bound the arrow-head to the shaft were still outside the wound. Then he took heart
·Direct

Menelaus reassures Agamemnon that the wound is not mortal and credits his burnished belt, cuirass, and bronze-smith-made mail belt with stopping the arrow.

See evidence text
But Menelaus reassured him and said, ‘Take heart, and do not alarm the people; the arrow has not struck me in a mortal part, for my outer belt of burnished metal first stayed it, and under this my cuirass and the belt of mail which the bronze-smiths made me
·Direct

Wounded Menelaus lies with chieftains gathered in a circle around him.

See evidence text
Menelaus had been wounded and was lying with the chieftains gathered in a circle round him

Additional evidence

Evidence records not already represented by a claim.

10
·Direct
Menelaus
·Direct
Menelaus of the loud battle-cry
·Direct
Menelaus saw him thus stride out before the ranks
·Direct
Agamemnon and Menelaus, sons of Atreus
·Remembered
Helen’s being restored to Menelaus
·Direct
O Menelaus
·Direct
Menelaus came up to help Meges
·Direct
BRAVE Menelaus son of Atreus
·Direct
the two sons of Atreus
·Direct
yellow-haired Menelaus son of Atreus

Passage preview

Book 1 · Passage 16

Achilles scowled at him and answered, ‘You are steeped in insolence and lust of gain. With what heart can any of the Achaeans do your bidding, either on foray or in open fighting? I came not warring here for any ill the Trojans had done me. I have no quarrel with them. They have not raided my cattle nor my horses, nor cut down my harvests on the rich plains of Phthia; for between me and them there is a great space, both mountain and sounding sea. We have followed you, Sir Insolence! for your pleasure, not ours—to gain satisfaction from the Trojans for your shameless self and for Menelaus. You forget this, and threaten to rob me of the prize for which I have toiled, and which the sons of the Achaeans have given me. Never when the Achaeans sack any rich city of the Trojans do I receive so good a prize as you do, though it is my hands that do the better part of the fighting. When the sharing comes, your share is far the largest, and I, forsooth, must go back to my ships, take what I can get and be thankful, when my labour of fighting is done. Now, therefore, I shall go back to Phthia; it will be much better for me to return home with my ships, for I will not stay here dishonoured to gather gold and substance for you.’