In the narrated future destruction, Neptune is physically present at the Achaean wall, surveying it and throwing its foundations into the sea.
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“Neptune himself, trident in hand, surveyed the work and threw into the sea all the foundations of beams and stones which the Achaeans had laid with so much toil”
The Danaans hold the battlements of the Achaean wall and hurl missiles from them.
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“the Danaans still showed no sign of giving ground; they still fenced the battlements with their shields of ox-hide, and hurled their missiles down upon the foe as soon as any came below the wall”
·Direct
The Achaeans physically hold the contested wall and battlements.
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“even so did the battlements now serve as a bone of contention, and they beat one another’s round shields for their possession. Many a man’s body was wounded with the pitiless bronze, as he turned round and bared his back to the foe, and many were struck clean through their shields; the wall and battlements were everywhere deluged with the blood alike of Trojans and of Achaeans. But even so the Trojans could not rout the Achaeans, who still held on”
·Direct
The Achaeans were fighting about the Achaean wall before the Trojans entered it.
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“the Achaeans and Trojans were fighting about the wall, but were not yet within it and at the ships”
The Trojans are physically at the Achaean wall, tearing down its breastworks and battlements.
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“gave victory to Hector and to the Trojans, who, trusting to their own might and to the signs he had shown them, essayed to break through the great wall of the Achaeans. They tore down the breastworks from the walls, and overthrew the battlements; they upheaved the buttresses”
·Direct
The Trojans fight physically at the contested Achaean wall and battlements.
See evidence text
“even so did the battlements now serve as a bone of contention, and they beat one another’s round shields for their possession. Many a man’s body was wounded with the pitiless bronze, as he turned round and bared his back to the foe, and many were struck clean through their shields; the wall and battlements were everywhere deluged with the blood alike of Trojans and of Achaeans. But even so the Trojans could not rout the Achaeans, who still held on”
·Direct
The Trojans reach and scale the Achaean wall and its battlements.
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“in one body they rushed straight at the wall as he had bidden them, and scaled the battlements with sharp spears in their hands”
·Direct
The Trojans are presented as having crossed the Achaeans' wall in force.
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“the Trojans, who have got over the wall in force”
·Direct
The Trojans sprang over the Achaean wall and drove their chariots onward.
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“the Trojans spring over the wall with a shout, and drive their chariots onwards”
·Direct
The Trojans fought about and then swarmed through a breach in the Achaean wall.
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“the Achaeans and Trojans were fighting about the wall, but were not yet within it and at the ships, remained sitting in the tent of good Eurypylus, entertaining him with his conversation and spreading herbs over his wound to ease his pain. When, however, he saw the Trojans swarming through the breach in the wall”
Ajax son of Telamon moves about on the Achaean walls.
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“The two Ajaxes went about everywhere on the walls cheering on the Achaeans”
·Direct
By the passage’s deictic continuation of their movement on the walls, Ajax son of Telamon remains on the Achaean wall.
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“Thus did the two go about shouting and cheering the Achaeans on.”
·Direct
Ajax son of Telamon is standing along the Achaean wall when Menestheus looks for support.
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“he looked along the wall for some chieftain to support his comrades and saw the two Ajaxes, men ever eager for the fray, and Teucer, who had just come from his tent, standing near them”
·Direct
Ajax son of Telamon is on the Achaean wall when Thootes reaches the two Ajaxes.
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“The messenger did as he was told, and set off running along the wall of the Achaeans. When he reached the Ajaxes”
·Direct
Ajax son of Telamon is still at the wall position where he directs the others to stay.
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“Great Ajax son of Telamon heeded the message, and at once spoke to the son of Oileus. ‘Ajax,’ said he, ‘do you two, yourself and brave Lycomedes, stay here”
·Direct
Ajax son of Telamon fights at the battlements at the top of the Achaean wall.
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“Ajax son of Telamon killed brave Epicles, a comrade of Sarpedon, hitting him with a jagged stone that lay by the battlements at the very top of the wall”
·Direct
Ajax son of Telamon attacks Sarpedon at the battlement of the Achaean wall.
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“Ajax and Teucer then both of them attacked him. Teucer hit him with an arrow on the band that bore the shield which covered his body, but Jove saved his son from destruction that he might not fall by the ships’ sterns. Meanwhile Ajax sprang on him and pierced his shield, but the spear did not go clean through, though it hustled him back that he could come on no further. He therefore retired a little space from the battlement”
Ajax son of Oileus moves about on the Achaean walls.
See evidence text
“The two Ajaxes went about everywhere on the walls cheering on the Achaeans”
·Direct
By the passage’s deictic continuation of their movement on the walls, Ajax son of Oileus remains on the Achaean wall.
See evidence text
“Thus did the two go about shouting and cheering the Achaeans on.”
·Direct
Ajax son of Oileus is standing along the Achaean wall when Menestheus looks for support.
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“he looked along the wall for some chieftain to support his comrades and saw the two Ajaxes, men ever eager for the fray, and Teucer, who had just come from his tent, standing near them”
·Direct
Ajax son of Oileus is on the Achaean wall when Thootes reaches the two Ajaxes.
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“The messenger did as he was told, and set off running along the wall of the Achaeans. When he reached the Ajaxes”
·Direct
Ajax son of Oileus is at the wall position and is told to stay there.
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“Great Ajax son of Telamon heeded the message, and at once spoke to the son of Oileus. ‘Ajax,’ said he, ‘do you two, yourself and brave Lycomedes, stay here”
Glaucus arrives with Sarpedon and the Lycian host against Menestheus’s part of the Achaean wall.
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“Glaucus heeded his saying, and the pair forthwith led on the host of Lycians. Menestheus son of Peteos was dismayed when he saw them, for it was against his part of the wall that they came— bringing destruction with them”
The Lycian host arrives against Menestheus’s part of the Achaean wall.
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“Glaucus heeded his saying, and the pair forthwith led on the host of Lycians. Menestheus son of Peteos was dismayed when he saw them, for it was against his part of the wall that they came— bringing destruction with them”
·Direct
The Lycians are physically at the Achaean wall, storming its battlements.
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“the brave captains and leaders of the Lycians were storming the battlements as it were a thick dark cloud, fighting in close quarters”
·Direct
The Lycians have reached and remain at the Achaean wall.
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“The Lycians could not break through the wall and force their way to the ships, nor could the Danaans drive the Lycians from the wall now that they had once reached it.”
Menestheus is at his defended part of the Achaean wall and looks along it for support.
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“Menestheus son of Peteos was dismayed when he saw them, for it was against his part of the wall that they came— bringing destruction with them; he looked along the wall for some chieftain to support his comrades”
Sarpedon arrives with Glaucus and the Lycian host against Menestheus’s part of the Achaean wall.
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“Glaucus heeded his saying, and the pair forthwith led on the host of Lycians. Menestheus son of Peteos was dismayed when he saw them, for it was against his part of the wall that they came— bringing destruction with them”
·Direct
Sarpedon is physically at the Achaean wall, gripping and tearing down its battlement.
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“Then Sarpedon seized the battlement in his strong hands, and tugged at it till it all gave way together”
·Direct
Sarpedon remains at the battlement of the Achaean wall while Ajax and Teucer attack him.
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“Ajax and Teucer then both of them attacked him. Teucer hit him with an arrow on the band that bore the shield which covered his body, but Jove saved his son from destruction that he might not fall by the ships’ sterns. Meanwhile Ajax sprang on him and pierced his shield, but the spear did not go clean through, though it hustled him back that he could come on no further. He therefore retired a little space from the battlement”
·Remembered
Patroclus recalls Sarpedon as the first to overleap the Achaean wall.
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“Sarpedon is fallen—he who was first to overleap the wall of the Achaeans”
Teucer is standing along the Achaean wall near the two Ajaxes.
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“he looked along the wall for some chieftain to support his comrades and saw the two Ajaxes, men ever eager for the fray, and Teucer, who had just come from his tent, standing near them”
·Direct
Teucer attacks Sarpedon at the battlement of the Achaean wall.
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“Ajax and Teucer then both of them attacked him. Teucer hit him with an arrow on the band that bore the shield which covered his body, but Jove saved his son from destruction that he might not fall by the ships’ sterns. Meanwhile Ajax sprang on him and pierced his shield, but the spear did not go clean through, though it hustled him back that he could come on no further. He therefore retired a little space from the battlement”
Epicles is on the high Achaean wall when Ajax strikes him and he falls from it.
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“Ajax son of Telamon killed brave Epicles, a comrade of Sarpedon, hitting him with a jagged stone that lay by the battlements at the very top of the wall. As men now are, even one who is in the bloom of youth could hardly lift it with his two hands, but Ajax raised it high aloft and flung it down, smashing Epicles’ four-crested helmet so that the bones of his head were crushed to pieces, and he fell from the high wall”
Sarpedon’s shield is physically present with him at the battlement of the Achaean wall.
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“Teucer hit him with an arrow on the band that bore the shield which covered his body, but Jove saved his son from destruction that he might not fall by the ships’ sterns. Meanwhile Ajax sprang on him and pierced his shield”
Hector holds his position at the Achaean wall where he forced his way through.
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“But Hector had not yet heard, and did not know that the Argives were making havoc of his men on the left wing of the battle, where the Achaeans ere long would have triumphed over them, so vigorously did Neptune cheer them on and help them. He therefore held on at the point where he had first forced his way through the gates and the wall, after breaking through the serried ranks of Danaan warriors.”
Idaeus reached the great wall of the Achaeans with the convoy.
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“The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships”
“The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships”
Priam reached the great wall of the Achaeans with the convoy.
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“The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships”
“The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships”
“The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships”
Priam’s mule-waggon reached the great wall of the Achaeans.
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“The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships”
“The bringer of good luck then sprang on to the chariot, and seizing the whip and reins he breathed fresh spirit into the mules and horses. When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships”
Priam’s Thracian cup was carried with the ransom to the great wall of the Achaeans.
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“When they reached the trench and the wall that was before the ships, those who were on guard had just been getting their suppers, and the slayer of Argus threw them all into a deep sleep. Then he drew back the bolts to open the gates, and took Priam inside with the treasure he had upon his waggon”
Nestor proposes a high wall to shelter the Achaeans and their ships, fitted with well-made chariot gates.
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“near this let us set about building a high wall, to shelter ourselves and our ships, and let it have well-made gates that there may be a way through them for our chariots”
·Direct
Beside the barrow the Achaeans build a high wall to shelter themselves and their ships, with strong gates for chariots.
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“hard by this they built a high wall to shelter themselves and their ships; they gave it strong gates that there might be a way through them for their chariots”
·Reported
Neptune says the Achaean wall surrounds their ships and predicts that its fame will reach as far as dawn.
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“the Achaeans have built a wall about their ships and driven a trench all round it, without offering hecatombs to the gods? The fame of this wall will reach as far as dawn itself”
·Hypothetical
Jove predicts that after the Achaeans depart, Neptune can shatter their wall into the sea, cover the beach with sand, and utterly erase the work.
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“when the Achaeans have gone home with their ships, you can shatter their wall and fling it into the sea; you can cover the beach with sand again, and the great wall of the Achaeans will then be utterly effaced”
·Reported
Hector calls the Achaean wall weak and worthless and claims it will not withstand his fury.
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“this weak and worthless wall. It shall not stay my fury”
·Reported
Achilles says Agamemnon built the wall and surrounded it with a deep, wide, stake-lined trench.
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“He has built a wall; he has dug a trench deep and wide all round it, and he has planted it within with stakes”
·Direct
The Achaean wall was built to protect the ships without divine consent and therefore did not endure.
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“They had built it to protect their ships, and had dug the trench all round it that it might safeguard both the ships and the rich spoils which they had taken, but they had not offered hecatombs to the gods. It had been built without the consent of the immortals, and therefore it did not last”
·Direct
The wall’s timbers ring under blows from the battle raging around it.
See evidence text
“battle and turmoil were still raging round the wall till its timbers rang under the blows that rained upon them”
·Direct
The wall loses breastworks, battlements, and supporting buttresses, though the attackers have not yet broken through it.
See evidence text
“They tore down the breastworks from the walls, and overthrew the battlements; they upheaved the buttresses, which the Achaeans had set in front of the wall in order to support it; when they had pulled these down they made sure of breaking through the wall”
·Direct
Stones fall thickly on both sides and the whole wall is in uproar.
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“even thus thickly did the stones fall on one side and on the other, some thrown at the Trojans, and some by the Trojans at the Achaeans; and the whole wall was in an uproar”
·Direct
Sarpedon tears a battlement away with his strong hands, opening a breach wide enough for many to pass.
See evidence text
“Sarpedon seized the battlement in his strong hands, and tugged at it till it all gave way together, and a breach was made through which many might pass”
·Direct
The battlements become the contested boundary of close combat, and the wall and battlements are deluged by both armies’ blood.
See evidence text
“even so did the battlements now serve as a bone of contention, and they beat one another’s round shields for their possession. Many a man’s body was wounded with the pitiless bronze, as he turned round and bared his back to the foe, and many were struck clean through their shields; the wall and battlements were everywhere deluged with the blood alike of Trojans and of Achaeans”
·Direct
The Achaean wall is lowest near Ajax’s and Protesilaus’s ships, where fighting is fiercest.
See evidence text
“It was here that the ships of Ajax and Protesilaus were drawn up by the sea-shore; here the wall was at its lowest, and the fight both of man and horse raged most fiercely.”
·Reported
Nestor reports that the wall relied upon as an impregnable bulwark for army and fleet has fallen.
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“Fallen is the wall on which we relied as an impregnable bulwark both for us and our fleet.”
·Reported
Agamemnon says the hard-built wall has failed as the supposedly impregnable bulwark of army and fleet.
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“neither the wall nor the trench has served us—over which the Danaans toiled so hard, and which they deemed would be an impregnable bulwark both for us and our fleet”
·Direct
Apollo kicks down the Achaean wall as easily as a child destroys a sand house on the shore.
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“He kicked down the wall of the Achaeans as easily as a child who playing on the seashore has built a house of sand and then kicks it down again and destroys it”